The esophageal hiatus is a crucial anatomical structure in the diaphragm that allows the esophagus and accompanying structures to pass between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Understanding this opening is important for diagnosing hiatal hernias and other gastroesophageal conditions.
Anatomical Location:
- Vertebral Level: T10
- Position: Slightly to the left of midline
- Bordered by: Right crus of diaphragm
- Pierces: Muscular portion of diaphragm
- Structure type: Oval opening
Function:
The esophageal hiatus allows safe passage of:
- Esophagus (main structure)
- Vagus nerves (anterior & posterior trunks)
- Esophageal branches of left gastric vessels
It acts like a physiological sphincter with the help of the diaphragmatic crura to prevent reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus.
Clinical Relevance:
- Hiatal Hernia: Occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal hiatus into the thoracic cavity. Types include sliding and paraesophageal hernias
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Weakening of the hiatus can impair the anti-reflux barrier.
- Surgical Importance: Essential landmark during Nissen fundoplication for GERD.
Mnemonics or Study Tips:
"I 8 10 Eggs At 12" – Classic mnemonic for diaphragm openings:
- IVC – T8
- Esophagus – T10
- Aorta – T12
Tip: Remember "E for Esophagus, E for Ten (T10)" to link the vertebral level.
Tags
Anatomy